{"id":1088,"date":"2026-09-14T08:04:22","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T06:04:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redservicio.net\/blog\/1088-2\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T08:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T06:04:24","slug":"configurar-servidor-de-correo-postfix-y-dovecot-en-ubuntu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.redservicio.net\/blog\/configurar-servidor-de-correo-postfix-y-dovecot-en-ubuntu\/","title":{"rendered":"Configurar servidor de correo Postfix y Dovecot en Ubuntu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Introducci\u00f3n: tu propio servidor de correo Postfix en Ubuntu<\/h2>\n<p>Llevo a\u00f1os viendo c\u00f3mo administradores web dan el salto a montar su propio <strong>servidor de correo Postfix<\/strong> en Ubuntu. \u00bfLa raz\u00f3n? Independencia. Cansarse de los l\u00edmites de cuentas, de las pol\u00edticas de terceros, de pagar por cada buz\u00f3n extra. Postfix hace el trabajo pesado como agente de transferencia de correo (MTA): env\u00eda y recibe mensajes. Dovecot, por su parte, se encarga de que tus usuarios consulten la bandeja v\u00eda IMAP y POP3. Aqu\u00ed va la gu\u00eda completa para Ubuntu 22.04, con TLS y autenticaci\u00f3n SASL. Sin atajos.<\/p>\n<h2>Requisitos previos antes de instalar Postfix y Dovecot<\/h2>\n<p>Necesitas esto antes de tocar nada:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un servidor Ubuntu 22.04 o 24.04 con acceso root o un usuario con sudo.<\/li>\n<li>Un dominio propio (digamos, <em>tudominio.com<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>Un registro DNS tipo A apuntando a la IP de tu servidor (<em>mail.tudominio.com<\/em>, por ejemplo).<\/li>\n<li>Un registro MX hacia ese hostname.<\/li>\n<li>Los puertos 25, 465, 587 y 993 abiertos en el firewall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"result-box\"><strong>Importante:<\/strong> ojo con esto \u00faltimo. Muchos proveedores de VPS bloquean el puerto 25 por defecto para frenar el spam. Pide su apertura antes de empezar, porque sin \u00e9l no recibir\u00e1s correo externo. Me ha pasado m\u00e1s de una vez ver a alguien instalarlo todo, probarlo, y descubrir a las tres horas que el problema era el proveedor.<\/div>\n<h2>Paso 1: Instalar Postfix y Dovecot en Ubuntu<\/h2>\n<p>Actualiza el sistema y lanza la instalaci\u00f3n. Cuando el asistente de Postfix pregunte, elige <em>Satellite system<\/em> o <em>Internet Site<\/em> y escribe tu dominio como nombre de correo del sistema.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>sudo apt update &#038;&#038; sudo apt upgrade<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Postfix: <strong>sudo apt install postfix<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Dovecot y utilidades: <strong>sudo apt install dovecot-core dovecot-imapd mailutils<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Paso 2: Configurar Postfix como servidor de correo<\/h2>\n<h3>Par\u00e1metros b\u00e1sicos en main.cf<\/h3>\n<p>Abre <em>\/etc\/postfix\/main.cf<\/em> y ajusta estas directivas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>myhostname = mail.tudominio.com<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>mydomain = tudominio.com<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>myorigin = $mydomain<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>inet_interfaces = all<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>home_mailbox = Maildir\/<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 <em>home_mailbox = Maildir\/<\/em>? Porque guarda cada mensaje como archivo individual dentro del home del usuario. Es m\u00e1s moderno y m\u00e1s seguro que el viejo mbox, donde todo va al mismo fichero. Si un correo se corrompe, pierdes uno; no la bandeja entera.<\/p>\n<h3>Habilitar TLS para conexiones cifradas<\/h3>\n<p>A\u00f1ade al final de main.cf (con tus certificados de Let&#8217;s Encrypt, si ya los tienes generados):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>smtpd_tls_cert_file = \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/mail.tudominio.com\/fullchain.pem<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>smtpd_tls_key_file = \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/mail.tudominio.com\/privkey.pem<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>smtpd_tls_security_level = may<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Y reinicia: <strong>sudo systemctl restart postfix<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Paso 3: Configurar Dovecot con IMAP y SASL<\/h2>\n<p>Dovecot cumple aqu\u00ed dos funciones. Sirve el correo por IMAP y, adem\u00e1s, da autenticaci\u00f3n SASL a Postfix para que tus usuarios env\u00eden mensajes de forma segura.<\/p>\n<h3>Protocolos y ubicaci\u00f3n del buz\u00f3n<\/h3>\n<p>En <em>\/etc\/dovecot\/dovecot.conf<\/em> comprueba que la l\u00ednea de protocolos incluya IMAP: <strong>protocols = imap<\/strong>. Despu\u00e9s, en <em>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-mail.conf<\/em>, fija <strong>mail_location = maildir:~\/Maildir<\/strong>. Tiene que coincidir con lo que pusiste en Postfix. Si no, los mensajes \u00abdesaparecer\u00e1n\u00bb (no desaparecen: est\u00e1n en otra carpeta).<\/p>\n<h3>Autenticaci\u00f3n SASL<\/h3>\n<p>En <em>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-auth.conf<\/em> define <strong>disable_plaintext_auth = yes<\/strong> y <strong>auth_mechanisms = plain login<\/strong>. Luego, en el main.cf de Postfix:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>smtpd_sasl_path = private\/auth<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Falta un detalle: en <em>\/etc\/dovecot\/conf.d\/10-master.conf<\/em>, dentro del bloque service auth, configura el socket Unix para Postfix con mode = 0660, user = postfix y group = postfix. Este paso se olvida a menudo, y sin \u00e9l la autenticaci\u00f3n falla con errores poco descriptivos.<\/p>\n<h2>Paso 4: Probar el servidor de correo Postfix<\/h2>\n<p>Reinicia los dos servicios (<strong>sudo systemctl restart postfix dovecot<\/strong>) y mira si escuchan donde deben: <strong>sudo ss -tlnp | grep -E &#8217;25|143|993&#8242;<\/strong>. Un correo local de prueba: <strong>echo \u00abPrueba\u00bb | mail -s \u00abTest\u00bb usuario@tudominio.com<\/strong>. Rev\u00edsalo en <em>\/home\/usuario\/Maildir\/new<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfEl env\u00edo autenticado desde fuera? Configura un cliente (Thunderbird sirve) con SMTP en el puerto 587 y STARTTLS, e IMAP en el 993 con SSL\/TLS.<\/p>\n<div class=\"result-box\"><strong>Consejo:<\/strong> antes de mandar correo real, pasa por mail-tester.com. Te dir\u00e1 si SPF y DKIM est\u00e1n bien y c\u00f3mo est\u00e1 tu reputaci\u00f3n de env\u00edo.<\/div>\n<h2>Buenas pr\u00e1cticas de seguridad y entregabilidad<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Registro <strong>SPF<\/strong> en tu DNS: <em>v=spf1 mx a ip4:TU_IP ~all<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>OpenDKIM<\/strong> para firmar los mensajes, con la clave DKIM publicada en DNS.<\/li>\n<li>Un registro <strong>DMARC<\/strong> contra la suplantaci\u00f3n de tu dominio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fail2ban<\/strong> para frenar los ataques de fuerza bruta contra la autenticaci\u00f3n. Los habr\u00e1. Cr\u00e9eme.<\/li>\n<li>Registro <strong>PTR (rDNS)<\/strong> con tu proveedor, apuntando a mail.tudominio.com.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00ed, montar un servidor de correo Postfix con Dovecot en Ubuntu lleva sus pasos. Pero al final tienes un sistema propio, flexible, sin l\u00edmites de cuentas. Cuida los registros DNS, el TLS y el SASL, y prueba todo antes de producci\u00f3n. Ahora bien, si prefieres no pelearte con la infraestructura, en RedServicio.net ofrecemos hosting con cuentas de correo profesionales, soporte 24\/7 y servidores optimizados; t\u00fa solo te ocupas de tu negocio. \u00bfY si te lanzas al montaje propio? Copias de seguridad siempre y paquetes al d\u00eda. Tu correo depende de eso, aunque no lo parezca hasta el d\u00eda que falla.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introducci\u00f3n: tu propio servidor de correo Postfix en Ubuntu Llevo a\u00f1os viendo c\u00f3mo administradores web dan el salto a montar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1090,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-email"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Configurar servidor de correo Postfix y Dovecot en Ubuntu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aprende a configurar un servidor de correo Postfix con Dovecot en Ubuntu paso a paso: instalaci\u00f3n, SASL, TLS y pruebas. 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